Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology. Here you can find every vital information related to Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology which is a very distinctive and eminent branch of Allied Health Profession.

In the following article, On behalf of the team "Paramedic Universe", I am sharing all the vital information about the  Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology. So, get ready to know about a very challenging but a wonderful and exciting branch of Allied health profession- Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology.

Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology

About Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology

"Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology" is a fundamental part of Allied and Healthcare profession.  This technology enables the aspirants to acquire challenging roles for patient care and to play multidimensional role in the healthcare field. Nowadays the technical advancement and automation can be seen at Hospital's various departments  like Operation theaters, ICU, CSSD, Manifold department etc. As a result of which a generous up gradation in skills and training is also observed in Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology.

Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology courses available in India

In India, there is a wide variety of courses available for Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology. One can enroll into these courses as per his/ her educational qualification background. In fact, many universities conduct their own entrance test for admission. Following are the various categories of Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology course available in India:

S.No.	Course Type	Course Duration	Eligibility	Course fee(Govt.)	Course fee(Private)	Job Opportunity
1.	Certificate program	12 Months	10th & above	---	INR20000 - INR45000	Very Low
2.	Diploma program	2 Years	10+2 with Science(PCB) or its equivalent from a recognized board	INR8000 - INR20000 per Annum	INR20000 - INR75000 per Annum	Low to Moderate
3.	Undergraduate program	3 to 4 Years	10+2 with Science(PCB) or its equivalent from a recognized board	INR1100 - INR25000 per Annum	INR30000 - INR165000 per Annum	High
4.	Postgraduate program	2 Years	After graduation in that specific/relevant stream/subject	INR10000 - INR30000 per Annum	INR40000 - INR200000 per Annum	Very High
5.	PG Diploma program	12 Months	After graduation	INR10000 - INR29000	INR35000 - INR125000 per Annum	Very high
6.	PhD./MPhil program	Minimum 3 years	After post graduation in that specific/relevant stream/subject	---	INR100000 - INR130000 per Annum	Extremely high

Under these categories, the courses available in India are enlisted in the following table:

S.No.	Course Category	Available courses
1.	Certificate program	1.Certificate in Operation Theatre Technician 2.Certificate in Anesthesia Technology 3.Certificate in ICU Technician
2.	Diploma program	1.Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology 2.Diploma in Anesthesia Technology 3.Diploma in Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology 4.Diploma in CSSD Technology 5.Diploma in Respiratory Therapy Technology 6.Diploma in ICU Technician 7.Diploma in Critical Care Management 8.Diploma in Minimal Access Surgical Technician 9.Diploma in GI Endoscopy Technology 10.Diploma in Laparoscopy Assistant 11.Diploma in Burn & Plastic Surgery Technician 12.Diploma in NICU Technician
3.	Undergraduate program	1.BSc Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology 2.B.Sc. Anesthesia, Critical Care & Operation Theatre Technology 3.BSc in Anesthesia Technology 4.BSc in Operation Theatre Technology 5.BSc in Critical Care Technology 6.BSc in Intensive Care Technology 7.BSc in Medical Technology (Anesthesia & Operation Theatre) 8.B.Sc Respiratory Care Technology
4.	Postgraduate program	1.Master in Operation Theatre and Anesthesia Technology 2.MSc. in Anesthesia Technology 3.MSc. in Operation Theatre Technology 4.MSc. in Intensive Care Technology 5.MSc. in Respiratory Therapy
5.	PG Diploma program	1.PG Diploma in Anesthesia Technology 2.PG Diploma in Respiratory Therapy Technology
6.	PhD./MPhil program	1.PhD. in Operation Theatre Technology

 Note:- Some courses mentioned in the above table are having their department specific nomenclature  but more or less all these courses are having nearly the similar syllabus. So, I have put these similar profile courses under the single roof of Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology. We will explore the significant differences between these courses in our another blog post.

Best Government Institutions in India offering Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology courses

I am mentioning some of the best Government Institutions in India offering various Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology courses:

1. AIIMS, New Delhi.
2. Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi
3. Aligarh Muslim University 
4. King George's Medical University(KGMU)
5. Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences(U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences), Saifai, Etawah, U.P.
6. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, U.P.
7. LPS Institute of Cardiology & Cardiac Surgery(Hriday Rog Sansthan), Kanpur, U.P
8. SGPGI Medical College, Lucknow, U.P.
9. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research(PGIMER), Chandigarh

10. Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences,  

    Rohtak, Haryana
11. Government Medical College and Hospital(GMCH), Chandigarh
12. Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab
13. I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab
14. RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan
15. SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan
16. Govt. Medical College(GMC) Srinagar, J&K
17. Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura, Srinagar, J&K
18. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research(JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry
19. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
20. Assam Medical College, Barbari, Dibrugarh, Assam
21. Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar
22. Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur, Bihar
23. Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Mithapur, Patna, Bihar
24. Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar
25. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
26. Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Tiswadi, Goa
27. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh
28. Indira Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
29. Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand  
30. Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute(BMCRI), Bengaluru, Karnataka
31. Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka
32. Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopedics, Jayanagar East, Bengaluru, Karnataka
33. Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka
34. National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (Bengaluru, Karnataka
35. Government Medical College, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Kannur) Kerala
36. Government Medical College, Ernakulam, Kerala
37. Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
38. Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
39. Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre(BMHRC), Raisen Bypass Road, Bhopal, M.P.
40. Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore, M.P.
41. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Tilwara Road, Medical College Colony, Jabalpur, M.P.
42. Shrimant Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Medical College and Hospital, near Kattha Mill, Gwalior Bypass Highway, District Shivpuri, M.P.
43. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, NH-86, In-front of Khel Parisar, Sanchi Road, District Vidisha, M.P.
44. Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra.
45. Govt.AMT School, (Leh, Kargil) Ladakh

Private Institutions in India offering Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology courses

I am mentioning some of the Private Institutions in India offering various Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology courses:

Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi

Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala

NITTE University, Mangaluru, Karnataka

Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

Assam Down Town University(ADTU), Guwahati, Assam

Royal Global University, Betkuchi, Guwahati-35, Dist- Kamrup( Metro), Assam

NIMS University, Jaipur

Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan

MIMS(Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences) Academy, Puthukode PO, Vazhayoor, Malappuram, Kerala

About Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist

After completion of a Diploma or a Degree in Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology one can become an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist. He/She is responsible for the smooth functioning of OT, ICU, CSSD, Manifold department etc.

Most of the highly sophisticated  Anesthesia and Surgical equipments used in various departments of a hospital(i.e. Operation theatre, ICU, COVID ICU, CSSD, Manifold department etc.) and Anesthesia related drugs are maintained by an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist.

Importance of an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology professionals

An Anesthesiologist or a Surgeon cannot perform any Anesthesia or surgical procedure without an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist. An Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist can play various vital roles in many crucial departments of any hospital or a healthcare setup.

Operation theatre is the major workspace for an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist. Operation theater is believed to be the heart of any hospital. Because most of the life saving procedures are done inside the Operation theatre. Also these professionals can serve in other crucial departments like ICU, COVID ICU, CSSD, Manifold department having their own significance in patient care treatment.

Furthermore some adjoining/periphery departments(i.e. CT/MRI room, DSA room, Pain clinic, Emergency department also occasionally need the technical and clinical skills of an Anesthesia and OT Technologist. He may also serve in some non-clinical areas like Anesthesia equipment stores, Anesthesia drug store, Surgical, Laparoscopic & Robotic surgery's equipment store etc.

Moreover he/she may serve as a faculty for Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology students as per his/her professional educational qualification and selection. Overall this profession offers a nice career outlook for the aspirants but with a great accountability.

Various Posts and Nomenclature of an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology professional

It is observed that the scope of Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology is very vast. Its professionals can choose their field of work from a wide range of job profiles available as per his interest, professional qualification, department specific specialization, interpersonal skills and experience. 

In the following table, I have mentioned all the possible job profile nomenclatures for Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology professionals:

Anesthesia Technologist	Operation Theatre(OT) Technologist	Anesthesia & OT Technologist
OT Officer	OT Technician	OT Assistant
OT Manager	Technical Assistant	Technical Executive(Anesthesia/OT)
Technical Officer(OT/Anesthesia/CSSD/Manifold/ICU)	Surgical Technologist	ICU Technologist/Technician
CSSD Technologist/Technician	Manifold Technologist	Minimal Access Surgical Technician
Burn & Plastic Surgery Technologist/Technician	NICU Technologist/Technician	Critical Care & Operation Theatre Technologist
Respiratory Therapy Technologist	Laparoscopy Assistant/Technician	Burn Care Technologist
GI Endoscopy Technologist	Critical Care Technologist	Medical Technologist(Anesthesia/OT/Critical Care)
Robotic Surgery Technologist	Technical Supervisor(OT/ICU/CSSD/Manifold)	Tutor
Clinical Instructor	Lecturer

Job responsibilities of an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist

As mentioned earlier the job responsibilities of an Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologist are quite challenging and multidimensional. But serving the humanity along with job provides an extreme level of satisfaction to its professionals.

These professionals are behind-the-scenes players, whose role is very important but very few people know about them. Now in this digital era there is a need to highlight their importance globally. If these professionals are taken out of the healthcare industry, the entire structure of this industry will collapse.

Here I have illustrated some of the major job responsibilities of  "Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology" professionals in various departments:-

1. Prepares Operation theatre before surgery.
2. Ensures the smooth functioning of their respective department i.e. Operation Theatre, ICU, Covid ICU, TSSU/CSSD, Manifold department, Emergency department etc.
3. Checks the Anesthesia & Medical Gas pipeline supply & its standard pressures.
4. Ensures the availability and proper functioning of various equipments used in respective departments:

Department	Equipments
Operation Theatre (OT)	Anesthesia workstation, Multipara monitors, Laryngoscope, OT Table, OT light, Suction apparatus, Surgical instruments Monopolar & Bipolar Cautery machine, Defibrillator, Endoscopic & Laparoscopic machines, Endoscopes, Laparoscopes, Bronchoscope, Surgical Microscopes, Tourniquet machine, Infusion pumps, Fluid/Blood warmer, Patient warming systems(Bair Hugger,Infant radiant warmer/Incubator, Cosytherm, smart mattress), Rapid Infusion system, Robotic surgery instruments etc.
ICU/COVID ICU	Mechanical Ventilator, Transport Ventilator, Jet air ventilation system, Laryngoscope, Multi para monitors, Invasive/Non-Invasive Cardiac output Monitoring devices, Defibrillator, Automated CPR devices, Bronchoscope, Infusion pumps, PCA Pumps, DVT Pumps, Suction apparatus, Patient warming systems, Fluid/Blood warmer, ABG analyser, T.E.G. analyser, HFNC device etc.
Manifold	Medical Air systems/compressors, Vacuum pump system, Oxygen generator plants, Liquid Medical Oxygen tank system, Pressure controlling instruments, Medical gas regulators, Pressure transducers, Bank changeovers, Cylinder manifold gas control system, Area alarm unit, Medical gas flow-meters etc.
CSSD/TSSU	Steam sterilizers(Autoclave), Ethylene oxide gas sterilizer, Hydrogen peroxide gas(Plasma) sterilizer, Ultrasonic cleaner, Hot air oven, Automated washer disinfector, Thermal drying cabinets, Water & air jet system, Rotary sealer, Heat sealers etc.

      5. Check & prepare the Anesthesia machine or Anesthesia workstation for its proper functionality and leak testing.

      6. Indent & maintain all the drugs, colloids and crystalloids used for Anesthesia and in Operation Theatres. Also checks the expiry of all these items and their record keeping.

      7. Ensures the safe shifting of patient to and from OT/ICU.

      8. Connect the standard monitoring system( e.g. Pulseoximeter, NIBP, E.C.G.) to the patient. Also whenever required connect other monitoring like Temperature, BIS, NMT, IBP, CVP, Capnography etc. to the patient.

      9. Provides technical & clinical support to the Anesthetist during various Anesthesia related procedures like Laryngoscopy, Bronchoscopy, Intubation/Extubation, Spinal, Epidural, CSE, Nerve blocks, E.T.Tube fixation, patient positioning, CPR, Percutaneous tracheostomy, Cricothyroidotomy, Ryles tube insertion, Nasal/Oropharyngeal temperature probe insertion, Swan Ganz/Prick line/C.V.P. line/Arterial line/ Leader cath. insertion, Endotracheal suctioning, Endoscopic & USG guided procedures etc.

      10. Provides technical & clinical support to the Surgeon during various Surgical procedures like Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Craniotomy, Nailing & plating, Spinal Instrumentation, STSG, Amputation, LSCS, D&E, Tympanoplasty, Liver/Kidney /Heart/Lung transplant, CABG surgery, Whipple procedure and many more.

      11. Prepares the Anesthetic and life saving drugs.

      12. Narcotics drug handling & its record keeping.

      13. Ensures the availability of various consumable items used in clinical areas of OT/ICU.

      14. Maintains the proper stock and inventory for various consumable & non-consumable items for the concerned department.

      15. They strictly comply to the protocols of biomedical waste management.

      16. Ensures and manage the proper medical gas supplies from manifold room to the various departments of the hospital.

      17. Doing sterilization & issuance of many re-usable surgical and medical instruments or other items(consumables/non-consumables) for various departments of the hospital.

      18. Ensures the functionality all the artificial ventilation system(Mechanical ventilator, HFNC device, NRBM etc.) whenever required during the treatment of COVID positive patients.

      19. Maintains safe and healthy working environment by conducting safety tests, recommending and complying with procedures, training and guiding medical and healthcare personnel and complying with hospital policies and protocols.

Commonly taught syllabus for Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology course:

1. Human Anatomy
2. Physiology
3. Pharmacology
4. Biochemistry
5. Haematology
6. Pathology
7. Microbiology
8. Anesthesia & Operation Theatre(O.T.) Techniques
9. Anesthesia equipments and machines
10. Medicines relevant to Anesthesia & O.T. Technology
11. Surgical Instruments & Procedures
12. Basic Resuscitation & equipments & Techniques
13. Blood Transfusion, Fluid & Electrolyte replacement, Blood conservation
14. CSSD & TSSU Techniques
15. Manifold Techniques
16. Environmental Science & Health
17. Biomedical waste management
18. Operation Assistance
19. Medical Ethics .
20. Database management
21. Computer with common applications of software & relevant disciplines
22. Research & Biostatics

Expected salary for these professionals

Salary for these professionals may vary & depends upon the Level of Professional qualifications, experience, interpersonal skills, type of Healthcare setup etc.

The data below merely represents rough average values when the aforementioned considerations are taken into account.

Fresher's salary 

Govt. setup	Average ₹4.8L per annum - ₹7.2L per annum(approx.)
Private setup	Average ₹2L per annum - ₹3L per annum(approx.)
Abroad	Average ₹10.8L per annum - ₹18L per annum(approx.)

Salary for Experienced 

Govt. setup	Average ₹7.2L per annum - ₹8.4L per annum(approx.)
Private setup	Average ₹3.6L per annum - ₹15L per annum(approx.)
Abroad	Average ₹18L per annum - ₹36L per annum(approx.)

Job opportunities for Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technologists

Almost all the Allied & Healthcare professional courses are job oriented. If we talk about Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology, the demand for its professionals is always there in the market (Govt., Private as well as abroad). Along with a great demand & excellent job opportunities to its professionals, there are some major hindrances which results this sector totally unorganized. Some of the reasons are mentioned below:-

1. Lack of an active Central regulatory body: In India, still there is no active Central Regulatory body to provide the Standard rules & regulations for their Curriculum to study, to provide Licence for practice & also to provide countrywide Uniform Recruitment rules for them. Still a major portion of this cadre is occupied by other professionals or by non-qualified professional. Also, the teaching area for these professionals is mostly given to Medical Doctors. 

But now, there is a good news. On 28th March, 2021, The National Commission for Allied & Healthcare Professions(NCAHP) Act of Parliament received the assent of Hon'ble President of India. This Act is intended to provide guidelines and to maintain standards of education and services for Allied and Healthcare Professionals in India. This commission comes under the "Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (India)".

As per provisions of this bill there shall be a Central council and corresponding State/Union Territory councils in all the States/Union Territories accordingly.

 As of now an interim council has been created by the 'Govt. of India' which shall be taken over by regular council in the coming years.

After the establishment of this Council, we are continuously observing a visible change in the development of this field. The recruitment & teaching part is exponentially shifting towards the Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology professionals specially for those who have done Post-graduation or PhD from this field.

2. Lack of information: Majority of these professional are unaware about various recruitments/vacancies countrywide as well as abroad. There is a need of creating a common platform that can provide all the vital information regarding the various recruitments/vacancies as well as proper guidance for their preparation of Exams/Interviews. There is a need to create a bridge to alleviate this gap.

Luckily, team Paramedic Universe is continuously working on it. Paramedic Universe aims to solve all these problems for every Allied & Healthcare professionals. We are going to make a strong team of various Allied & Healthcare professionals who will work on these common issues. 

Official website of Paramedic Universe:- www.paramedicuniverse.blogspot.com

Best recruiters for Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology Professionals in India: Govt. & Private

After completion a Degree/Diploma in Anesthesia and/or Operation Theatre Technology, the candidate will be eligible to apply for Private/Corporate Healthcare setups as well as numerous Government jobs at various healthcare departments of "Central & State government", Indian Defense forces(Army/Navy/Air force), ITBP, CISF, CRPF, ESIC  as well as can serve at "abroad".

Some of the best recruiters are:

Government Recruiters

• AIIMS(New Delhi, Bhopal, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur, Nagpur, Deoghar, Bhubaneswar, Rishikesh, Nagpur)
• PGIMER, Chandigarh
• DSSSB
• LHMC
• ESIC Hospitals
• ITBP Base Hospital
• CRPF
• Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences
• IGMC, Shimla
• Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College Hospital, AMU, Aligarh
• JIPMER, Puducherry
• Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi
• SKIMS, Srinagar
• Government Medical college and Hospital, Chandigarh
• Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur
• Johrat Medical College & Hospital, Assam
• Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur & many more.....

Private recruiters

• Fortis Group of Hospitals
• Narayana Group of Hospitals
• Max Healthcare Group
• BLK-MAX Superspeciality Hospital
• Nanavati Super Specialty Hospital, Mumbai
• Amrita Hospital, Kochi and Faridabad
• St. Stephens Hospital
• Batra Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Delhi
• Apollo Hospital, Delhi
• Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, Delhi
• Yashoda Superspeciality Hospital, Ghaziabad
• Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon
• Ramaiah Medical College Hospital, Karnataka
• Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited (BECIL) & many more.....

About All India Association of Anesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologists (AIAAOTT)

This is the only National level registered Association in India which is working for professional & scientific development of this cadre since the year 2016. This platform has a great role when our NCAHP bill was in the proposal stage and when it was before "The Parliamentary Standing Committee of Health & Family Welfare". The name of this Association is also mentioned in the report of Parliamentary Standing Committee.

For the betterment of the "Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technologist" cadre  this association is affiliated and working with a larger platform for Allied Health Professionals in India named "JFMTI" (Joint forum of Medical Technologists of India).

The official website of "All India Association of Anesthesia & OPeration Theatre Technologists" is "www.aiaaott.org"

National Day celebration for "Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technologists"

(National Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technologists Day 20th July):-

Initiative of this National day celebration was taken by AIAAOTT in the year 2017. From there it is celebrated every year on 20th July in India by Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technology professionals with lots of energy, fun and joy.

This day is celebrated to highlight/underline the contribution of Anesthesia & Operation Theatre Technologists in the Healthcare system. This day celebration has played an important role in the establishment of these professionals. The community of this cadre has taken this day as their professional festival. All Anesthetists, Surgeon and Administrative staff has well supported these professionals in their National day celebration pan India.

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